An Overview of Glycaemic Control Status among Diabetes Patients and Its Predictive Associated Factors: A Review

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a rapidly leading public health problem and responsible for three quarters of morbidity and 88% of mortality affecting millions of people worldwide. Achieving good glycaemic control is an important indicator in diabetes management. Glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C i.e.≤7%) and fasting blood glucose (FBG i.e.<130mg/dl) were used to determine glycaemic control for type 2 diabetic patients. Factors associated with good glycemic control were older age, high medication adherence and better health literacy. Duration of DM>7 years was inversely related to good glycemic control and was higher in patients residence in rural areas along with hyperlipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, physical activity and oral hypoglycemic drug (OHD) as part of their T2DM therapeutic regimen. Patients on insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents, patients on insulin and low-medication adherents were more likely to have uncontrolled and poor glycaemic control while exercise contributed to glycaemic control status as a protective factor. Besides, patient’s information on glycemic control and lifestyle modification, consultation is probably infrequent due to various reasons such as patients’ economic issues, educational levels, health awareness and remote distance to health care centers, have direct impact to possess the good glycaemic control. Hence, data gotten by specialists can't exhaustively mirror patients' wellbeing status and may prompt have imperfect wellbeing choices. So, this is also the markable reason behind poor glycaemic control and has been now widely reported even though efforts have been implemented. Thus, to achieve wide-scale promotion of diabetes management, it is essential to explore knowledge of medication adherence and better health knowledge along with promoting good practices (regular exercise behavior, dietary habits and awareness of diseases).